Updated American Standard Version
Giving Bible readers what God said not what translators think God meant
Concise summary of the chapterโs purpose, emphasizing Old Testament textual integrity, manuscript evidence, and the reliability of the Hebrew Scriptures.
11QPsแต shows variant psalm order and added compositions, but the Masoretic Psalter remains the canonical Hebrew base.
The Peshitta confirms the Masoretic Psalms and assists only where strong ancient evidence supports a Syriac reading.
Targum Onkelos confirms the Hebrew Pentateuch while clarifying difficult wording through careful Aramaic paraphrase.
The Greek Jeremiah reflects a shorter Hebrew Vorlage, but the Masoretic Text preserves the fuller final Hebrew form.
Codex Cairensis preserves the Hebrew Prophets as a major Masoretic witness to careful scribal transmission.
The Great Isaiah Scroll confirms the remarkable stability of Isaiahโs Hebrew text against the Masoretic tradition.
Codex Vaticanus is a major Greek witness to the Old Testament, valuable when weighed alongside the Masoretic Text and ancient versions.
The Septuagint is a vital Greek witness to the Old Testament, but the Hebrew Masoretic Text remains the primary textual base.
The Syro-Hexapla preserves Origenโs fifth-column Greek in Syriac, helping identify Hexaplaric readings while serving the Hebrew text.
