The Peshitta in the Psalms: Syriac Readings Compared to the Masoretic Tradition

The Peshitta confirms the Masoretic Psalms and assists only where strong ancient evidence supports a Syriac reading.

Aramaic Targum Onkelos on the Pentateuch: Paraphrastic Renderings and Textual Insights

Targum Onkelos confirms the Hebrew Pentateuch while clarifying difficult wording through careful Aramaic paraphrase.

The Septuagint is a vital Greek witness to the Old Testament, but the Hebrew Masoretic Text remains the primary textual base.

How majuscule and minuscule Greek scripts reveal the transmission, revision, and textual value of the Old Testament in Greek.

The Old Latin Version is a secondary but valuable witness to the Septuagint and, at key points, an indirect aid in restoring the Hebrew text.

The Peshitta is a major Syriac witness that often confirms the Masoretic Text and illuminates Semitic translation and transmission.

The Aleppo Codex exemplifies disciplined Masoretic preservation, functioning as a benchmark witness for the stabilized Hebrew text.

The Leningrad Codex preserves the complete Masoretic Hebrew Bible with vowels, accents, and Masorah, showing disciplined textual stability.

The Septuagint is a vital ancient witness that often clarifies the Hebrew text, but it must be weighed carefully under the Masoretic base.

The Dead Sea Scrolls confirm the antiquity and stability of the Masoretic Text while illuminating scribal practices and variant streams.