The earliest text of Matthew 15:8 reads “This people honor me with their lips,” with later manuscripts expanding the quotation to match Isaiah 29:13.
Matthew 15:8—New Testament Text and Translation Commentary
The Debate Over 1 Timothy 3:16: A Textual Analysis
The earliest text of 1 Timothy 3:16 reads “who,” a Christ-centered confession later clarified to “God” in many manuscripts.
Matthew 15:6a—New Testament Text and Translation Commentary
Matthew 15:6b presents the textual choice between “word” and “law,” exposing how tradition nullified Jehovah’s authoritative instruction.
Matthew 15:5—New Testament Text and Translation Commentary
Matthew 15:5 preserves an elliptical Corban formula clarified by context, with Sinaiticus adding a secondary explanatory gloss.
Matthew 15:4—New Testament Text and Translation Commentary
Matthew 15:4 turns on whether Matthew wrote “God said” or the expanded “God commanded, saying,” an assimilation likely triggered by “commandment” in 15:3.
Rethinking the Long Ending of Mark: A Textual Criticism Perspective
The earliest recoverable text of Mark ends at 16:8; the longer endings reflect later scribal and ecclesiastical efforts to supply closure.
Framing the Question: What the Pericope Adulterae Does to John’s Gospel
John 7:53–8:11 entered the manuscript tradition later and interrupts John’s tightly linked Feast of Tabernacles discourse between 7:52 and 8:12.
A Detailed Examination of the Johannine Comma in 1 John 5:7-8
The Johannine Comma at 1 John 5:7-8 is a late Latin gloss that entered the Greek tradition only through back-translation and print.
Mark 4 Textual Commentary: Manuscripts, Variants, and Transmission in the Fourth Chapter of Mark
A documentary-text approach to Mark 4 shows harmonization, smoothing, and clarification, with early witnesses preserving Mark’s compressed style.
Mark 3 Textual Commentary
Mark 3 displays classic scribal habits—harmonization, expansion, and softening of difficulties—yet the earliest Alexandrian witnesses preserve a stable and reliable text.
