PAPYRUS 32 (P32) P. Rylands 5: A Very Early Greek Fragment Copy of the Epistle of Paul to Titus

cropped-uasv-2005.jpg

Please Support the Bible Translation Work of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV)

$5.00

The Reading Culture of Early Christianity From Spoken Words to Sacred Texts 400,000 Textual Variants 02
P32 of Titus 1_11-15-II
P32 (P. Rylands 5) Contents: Titus 1:11–15; 2:3–8 [d. 100-125 C.E.]
Name Papyrus Rylands 5
Text Titus 1; 2 †
Date 100-125 C.E.
Script Greek
Found Likely Oxtrynchus, Egypt
Now at John Rylands University Library
Cite A. S. Hunt, Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the John Rylands Library I, Literatury Texts (Manchester 1911), pp. 10-11
Size 10.6 x 4.9 cm
Type Alexandrian text-type
Category I
The P52 PROJECT THE NEW TESTAMENT DOCUMENTS 4th ed. MISREPRESENTING JESUS

Papyrus 32 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by P32, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to Titus, it contains only Titus 1:11-15; 2:3-8. On the basis of paleography, the manuscript has been assigned a date around A.D. 200 by Kurt Aland.[1] However, H. I. Bell, T. C. Skeat, and F. G. Kenyon have dated P32 to 150-200 C.E. and Philip Comfort says it should be dated to the early second century (100-125 C.E.) but could even be late first century.

Description of P32

Written in round and rather large letters. A slight tendency towards a division of words can be observed. The nomina sacra (sacred names) are abbreviated.[2]

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland described it as “at least normal text.” he placed it in Category I.[3] This manuscript shows an agreement with Codex Sinaiticus and with F G.

It is currently housed with the Rylands Papyri at the John Rylands University Library (Gr. P. 5) in Manchester.[4]

Contents: P32 contains Titus 1:11–15; 2:3–8. These verses provide a glimpse into the apostle Paul’s instructions to Titus, his disciple, regarding the organization and leadership of the Christian community in Crete.

Date: I would argue for a date of around 100-150 CE for P32. This dating is based on paleographical analysis, which involves comparing the handwriting and other physical features of P32 with other known manuscripts of the same period. Comfort argues that the clear, legible handwriting and the use of certain letter forms in P32 are characteristic of manuscripts from the early second century and that these features point to a date of around 100-150 CE. Scholars such as H. I. Bell, T. C. Skeat, and F. G. Kenyon have redated P32 to the second century, specifically to the second half, based on its handwriting and physical features. The decorated rounded hand of P32 is characteristic of manuscripts from this era, and this, along with other factors, supports a second-century dating for the fragment. However, P32 is considered to have a remarkable likeness to several other early New Testament papyri (Philip W. Comfort), such as P. London 130, P. Oxy. 237, P. Oxy. 4443, P104, and P. Bodleian G. bib. g. 5, in terms of its handwriting and physical features. These similarities support the redating of P32 to the first half of the second century, and they highlight the significance of P32 as a valuable witness to the early textual tradition of the New Testament. The close similarities between P32 and other early papyri also demonstrate the continuity and consistency of the early New Testament textual tradition.

The P52 PROJECT 4th ed. MISREPRESENTING JESUS

Provenance: The origin of P32 is unknown, but it is believed to have been discovered in Oxyrhynchus, Egypt, where many early New Testament manuscripts have been found.

Housing Location: P32 is housed at the John Rylands Library in Manchester, England.

Bibliography: P32 has been the subject of numerous studies and articles in the field of New Testament textual criticism and papyrology. Some of the most notable works include A. S. Hunt, Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the John Rylands Library I, Literatury Texts (Manchester 1911), pp. 10-11, “The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri” by F. G. Kenyon, “The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research” edited by B. M. Metzger and M. D. Coogan, and “The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology” edited by Roger Bagnall.

Physical Features: P32 is a small fragment of papyrus, measuring approximately 4.5 cm by 7 cm. It is written in round and rather large letters, with a slight tendency towards division of words. The nomina sacra, or sacred names, are abbreviated, which was a common practice in early New Testament manuscripts.

9781949586121 THE NEW TESTAMENT DOCUMENTS

Textual Character: The Greek text of P32 is considered to be a representative of the Alexandrian text-type, which is characterized by a relatively smooth and polished Greek text that reflects the influence of the Septuagint and other Greek-speaking Jewish communities. The Alexandrian text-type is considered to be one of the earliest and most important text-types of the New Testament, and it is widely used in modern critical editions of the New Testament. The text is generally considered to be a very good witness to the original text of the New Testament, although there are some differences between it and other early witnesses, such as Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus.

Bruce M. Metzger, a well-known New Testament and textual scholar, discussed the textual character of P32 in his book “Text of the New Testament,” p. 250. In his analysis, Metzger emphasized that P32 is a valuable witness to the early textual tradition of the New Testament and provides important insights into the development of the text. He also said P32 shows agreement with Codex Sinaiticus (א‎ [Aleph] or 01) and with F G.

P32 and (א) are nearly identical, going back to the same archetype. (Schofield, “Papyrus Fragments,” 238-41) P32 is written in round and rather large letters, and there is a slight tendency towards the division of words. This is typical of early New Testament papyri and reflects the characteristic style of handwriting from this period. The nomina sacra, or sacred names, are abbreviated, which was a common practice in early New Testament manuscripts.

In terms of its textual character, the Greek text of P32 is considered to be a representative of the Alexandrian text type, which is characterized by a relatively smooth and polished Greek text that reflects the influence of the Septuagint and other Greek-speaking Jewish communities. Kurt Aland described it as “at least normal text,” and he placed it in Category I. The Alexandrian text-type is considered to be one of the earliest and most important text-types of the New Testament, and it is widely used in modern critical editions of the New Testament.

APOSTOLIC FATHERS Lightfoot APOSTOLIC FATHERS

Metzger also noted that the text of P32 generally agrees with other early witnesses to the New Testament, such as Codex Vaticanus, but there are some differences between them. For example, P32 lacks some of the stylistic features that are found in these later manuscripts, and it has a somewhat different text-type. However, Metzger emphasized that these differences do not significantly affect the overall meaning of the text and that P32 is still considered to be a good witness to the original text of the New Testament.

In conclusion, Papyrus 32 (P32) or R. Rylands 5 is a well-known fragment of the New Testament that provides valuable insights into the early textual tradition of the New Testament. It is housed in the John Rylands Library in Manchester, England, and it is available for study by scholars and researchers. The physical features and textual character of P32 make it an important resource for the study of the New Testament and the early history of Christianity.

APOSTOLIC FATHERS Lightfoot APOSTOLIC FATHERS

Greek Text

The papyrus is written on both sides. The characters that are in bold style are the ones that can be seen in P32. It shows an agreement with Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Augiensis, and Codex Boernerianus.

Philip Comfort

Textual character: Metzger says P32 shows agreement with א and with F and G. Since F and G[5] (nearly identical manuscripts) go back to the same archetype, it is quite possible that P32 could be linked to the same source.[6]

This manuscript was originally dated to the third century because it was regarded as comparable to the handwriting of P. Oxy. 656 (Genesis), also dated early third century. But the editor of P. Oxy. 656 (Hunt) said it had more affinities with second-century manuscripts than with third-century manuscripts. So why not date P. Oxy. 656 to the second century? In fact, scholars such as H. I. Bell, T. C. Skeat, and F. G. Kenyon have since redated P. Oxy. 656 to the second century[7] and, in suit, dated P32 to the second century (probably the second half).[8] P32 (as with P. Oxy. 656, P90, and P104) exhibits the decorated rounded hand of this era.[9] See extensive discussion in Philip Wesley Comfort and David P. Barrett, THE TEXT OF THE EARLIEST NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS: Papyri 75-139 and Uncials, Vol. 2 (English and Greek Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2019)

9781949586121 BIBLE DIFFICULTIES THE NEW TESTAMENT DOCUMENTS

Titus 1:11-15 (recto)

EΠIΣTOMI-

ZEIN OITINEΣ OΛOYΣ OIKOYΣ ANATPE-
ΠOYΣI ΔIΔAΣKONTEΣ A MH ΔEI AIΣXPOY
KEPΔOYΣ XAPIN EIΠEN TIΣ EΞ AYTΩN
IΔIOΣ AYTΩN ΠPOΦHTHΣ KPHTEΣ AEI
ΨEYΣTAI KAKA ΘHPIA ΓAΣTEPEΣ APΓAI
H MAPTYPIA AYTH EΣTIN AΛHΘHΣ ΔI
HN AITIAN EΛENXE AYTOYΣ AΠOTOMΩΣ
INA YΓIAINΩΣIN EN TH ΠIΣTEI MH
ΠPOΣEXONTEΣ IOYΔAIKOIΣ MYΘOIΣ
KAI ENTOΛAIΣ ANΘPΩΠΩN APOΣTPEΦO-
MENΩN THN AΛEΘEIAN ΠANTA KA-
ΘAPA TOIΣ KAΘAPOIΣ TOIΣ ΔE MEMIAM-

MENOIΣ KAI AΠIΣTOIΣ OYΔEN KAΘAPON

epistomi-

zein oitines olous oikous anatre-
pousin didaskontes a mē dei aischrou
kerdous charin eipen tis ex autōn
idios autōn prophētēs krētes aei
pseustai kaka thēria gasteres argai
ē marturia autē estin alēthēs di
ēn aitian elenche autous apotomōs
ina ugiainōsin en tē pistei mē
prosechontes ioudaikois muthois
kai entolais anthrōpōn apostrepho-
menōn tēn alētheian panta ka-
thara tois katharois tois de memiam-

menois kai apistois ouden katharon

to muzzle, because whole families they are upsetting,
teaching what they must not, for ugly
gain’s sake. Said one of themselves,
even one of their own prophets, “Cretans are always
liars, evil beasts, lazy gluttons.”
The testimony of this is true. Because of
this reason, reprove them severely,
so that they may be sound in the faith; Not
giving heed to Jewish myths,
and commandments of men, who turn
away from the truth. All things are
pure unto the pure: but unto them who are

both defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure.

Titus 2:3-8 (verso)

ΔIABO-

ΛOYΣ MHΔE OINΩ ΠOΛΛΩ ΔEΔOYΛΩ
MENAΣ KAΛOΔIΔΣKAΛOYΣ INA
ΣΩΦPONIZΩΣIN TAΣ NEAΣ ΦIΛAN
ΔPOYΣ EINAI ΦIΛOTEKNOYΣ ΣΩΦPO
NAΣ AΓNAΣ OIKOYPΓOYΣ AΓAΘAΣ
YΠOTAΣΣOMENAΣ TOYΣ IΔIOIΣ AN
ΔPAΣIN INA MH O ΛOΓOΣ TOY ΘY BΛA
ΣΦHMHTAI TOYΣ NEΩTEPOYΣ
ΩΣAYTΩΣ ΠAPAKAΛEI ΣΩΦPON
EIN ΠEPI ΠANTA ΣEAYTON ΠAPE
XOMENOΣ TYΠON KAΛΩN EPΓΩN
EN TH ΔIΔAΣKAΛIA AΦΘONIAN ΣE
MNOTHTA ΛOΓON YΓIH AKATAΓNΩ
ΣTON INA O EΞ ENANTIAΣ ENTPA

ΠH

diabo-

lous mēde oinō pollō dedoulō
menas kalodidaskalous ina
sōphronizōsin tas neas philan
drous einai philoteknous sōphro
nas agnas oikourgous agathas
upotassomenas tois idiois an
drasin ina mē o logos tou thu bla
sphēmētai tous neōterous
ōsautōs parakalei sōphron
ein peri panta seauton pare
chomenos tupon kalōn ergōn
en tē didaskalia aphthonian se
mnotēta logon ugiē akatagnō
ston ina o ex enantias entra

false accusers, not to wine much enslaved,
teachers of the good. So that
they may teach to be sensible the young women, loving their husbands,
loving their children. Sober minded,
pure, busy in the home, kind,
subject to their own husbands.
So that not the word of God may be blasphemed.
The young men,
likewise, urge to be sober minded.
Concerning all things, yourself shew
an example of good works:
in the teaching show integrity, gravity,
soundness of speech beyond reproach;

so that he who opposes you may be ashamed,

References

  • Bruce M. Metzger, Bart. D. Ehrman (2005). The text of the New Testament: its transmission, corruption, and restoration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bruce Manning Metzger, United Bible Societies, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Second Edition a Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament (4th Rev. Ed.) (London; New York: United Bible Societies, 1994)
  • Edward D. Andrews, FROM SPOKEN WORDS TO SACRED TEXTS: Introduction-Intermediate New Testament Textual Studies (Cambridge, OH: Christian Publishing House, 2020)
  • Edward D. Andrews, THE P52 PROJECT: Is P52 Really the Earliest Greek New Testament Manuscript? (Cambridge, OH: Christian Publishing House, 2020)
  • Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, 2nd rev. ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)
  • Philip Wesley Comfort and David P. Barrett, THE TEXT OF THE EARLIEST NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS, 2 Volume Set (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2019).
  • Philip Wesley Comfort, A COMMENTARY ON THE MANUSCRIPTS AND TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2015).
  • Philip W. Comfort, New Testament Text and Translation Commentary: Commentary on the Variant Readings of the Ancient New Testament Manuscripts and How They Relate to the Major English Translations (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2008)
  • Philip Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 2005)
  • Roger S. Bagnall, THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF PAPYROLOGY: Oxford: (Oxford University Press, 2009)
English Bible Versions King James Bible KING JAMES BIBLE II

SCROLL THROUGH DIFFERENT CATEGORIES BELOW

BIBLE TRANSLATION AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM

4th ed. MISREPRESENTING JESUS The Complete Guide to Bible Translation-2
The Reading Culture of Early Christianity From Spoken Words to Sacred Texts 400,000 Textual Variants 02
The P52 PROJECT THE NEW TESTAMENT DOCUMENTS 4th ed. MISREPRESENTING JESUS
APOSTOLIC FATHERS Lightfoot APOSTOLIC FATHERS
English Bible Versions King James Bible KING JAMES BIBLE II
9781949586121 BIBLE DIFFICULTIES THE NEW TESTAMENT DOCUMENTS

BIBLICAL STUDIES / INTERPRETATION

CALVINISM VS. ARMINIANISM
How to Interpret the Bible-1 INTERPRETING THE BIBLE how-to-study-your-bible1
israel against all odds ISRAEL AGAINST ALL ODDS - Vol. II

EARLY CHRISTIANITY

THE LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST by Stalker-1 The TRIAL and Death of Jesus_02 THE LIFE OF Paul by Stalker-1
THE LIFE OF Paul by Stalker-1 Paul PAUL AND LUKE ON TRIAL
APOSTOLIC FATHERS Lightfoot APOSTOLIC FATHERS I AM John 8.58

CHRISTIAN APOLOGETIC EVANGELISM

The Epistle to the Hebrews PAUL AND LUKE ON TRIAL
REASONING FROM THE SCRIPTURES APOLOGETICS CONVERSATION EVANGELISM
AN ENCOURAGING THOUGHT_01
Young Christians
INVESTIGATING JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES REVIEWING 2013 New World Translation
Jesus Paul THE EVANGELISM HANDBOOK
REASONING FROM THE SCRIPTURES REASONING WITH OTHER RELIGIONS APOLOGETICS
REASONABLE FAITH FEARLESS-1
Satan BLESSED IN SATAN'S WORLD_02 HEROES OF FAITH - ABEL
is-the-quran-the-word-of-god UNDERSTANDING ISLAM AND TERRORISM THE GUIDE TO ANSWERING ISLAM.png
DEFENDING OLD TESTAMENT AUTHORSHIP Agabus Cover BIBLICAL CRITICISM
Mosaic Authorship HOW RELIABLE ARE THE GOSPELS
THE CREATION DAYS OF GENESIS gift of prophecy

TECHNOLOGY

9798623463753 Machinehead KILLER COMPUTERS
INTO THE VOID

CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY

Why Me_ Explaining the Doctrine of the Last Things Understaning Creation Account
Homosexuality and the Christian second coming Cover Where Are the Dead
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY Vol. CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY Vol. II CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY Vol. III
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY Vol. IV CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY Vol. V MIRACLES
Human Imperfection HUMILITY

CHILDREN’S BOOKS

READ ALONG WITH ME READ ALONG WITH ME READ ALONG WITH ME

PRAYER

Powerful Weapon of Prayer Power Through Prayer How to Pray_Torrey_Half Cover-1

TEENS-YOUTH-ADOLESCENCE-JUVENILE

THERE IS A REBEL IN THE HOUSE thirteen-reasons-to-keep-living_021 Waging War - Heather Freeman
 
Young Christians DEVOTIONAL FOR YOUTHS 40 day devotional (1)
Homosexuality and the Christian THE OUTSIDER RENEW YOUR MIND

CHRISTIAN LIVING

GODLY WISDOM SPEAKS Wives_02 HUSBANDS - Love Your Wives
 
WALK HUMBLY WITH YOUR GOD THE BATTLE FOR THE CHRISTIAN MIND (1)-1 WAITING ON GOD
ADULTERY 9781949586053 PROMISES OF GODS GUIDANCE
APPLYING GODS WORD-1 For As I Think In My Heart_2nd Edition Put Off the Old Person
Abortion Booklet Dying to Kill The Pilgrim’s Progress
WHY DON'T YOU BELIEVE WAITING ON GOD WORKING FOR GOD
 
YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE Let God Use You to Solve Your PROBLEMS THE POWER OF GOD
HOW TO OVERCOME YOUR BAD HABITS-1 GOD WILL GET YOU THROUGH THIS A Dangerous Journey
ARTS, MEDIA, AND CULTURE Christians and Government Christians and Economics

CHRISTIAN COMMENTARIES

Book of Philippians Book of James Book of Proverbs Book of Esther
CHRISTIAN DEVOTIONALS
40 day devotional (1) Daily Devotional_NT_TM Daily_OT
DEVOTIONAL FOR CAREGIVERS DEVOTIONAL FOR YOUTHS DEVOTIONAL FOR TRAGEDY
DEVOTIONAL FOR YOUTHS 40 day devotional (1)

CHURCH ISSUES, GROWTH, AND HISTORY

LEARN TO DISCERN Deception In the Church FLEECING THE FLOCK_03
The Church Community_02 THE CHURCH CURE Developing Healthy Churches
FIRST TIMOTHY 2.12 EARLY CHRISTIANITY-1

Apocalyptic-Eschatology [End Times]

Explaining the Doctrine of the Last Things Identifying the AntiChrist second coming Cover
ANGELS AMERICA IN BIBLE PROPHECY_ ezekiel, daniel, & revelation

CHRISTIAN FICTION

Oren Natas_JPEG Sentient-Front Seekers and Deceivers
Judas Diary 02 Journey PNG The Rapture

[1] Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 98.

[2] A. S. Hunt, Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the John Rylands Library I, Literatury Texts (Manchester 1911), p. 10.

[3] Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 98.

[4] Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 98.

“Liste Handschriften”. Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved Sunday, July 26, 2020

[5] Metzger, Text of the NT, 250.

[6] Schofield, “Papyrus Fragments,” 238–41.

[7] See Skeat’s discussion in Oxy. Pap., 50:3.

[8] See Bell’s article in Harvard Theological Review, 37 (1944), 201; and see Roberts and Skeat, Birth of the Codex, 40–41.

[9] Philip Wesley Comfort and David P. Barrett, The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 2001), 134–135.

Leave a Reply

Powered by WordPress.com.

Up ↑

%d bloggers like this: