Multispectral imaging clarifies damaged readings in P45 and P66 while strengthening the documentary method of New Testament textual criticism.
The Sahidic Coptic Version and Early Alexandrian Readings: Supporting Evidence for the Critical Text
The Sahidic Coptic version supports early Alexandrian readings and strengthens confidence in the documentary basis of the critical Greek New Testament.
Patristic Quotations as Witnesses: Irenaeus and the Text of the Gospels in the Second Century
Gospel quotations confirm the early authority, use, and textual stability of the four canonical Gospels in the second century.
Minuscule 1739: A Tenth-Century Witness Preserving an Ancient Pauline Text Type
Minuscule 1739 is a tenth-century manuscript whose Pauline text preserves a far older and highly valuable line of transmission.
Family 1739 in the Pauline Epistles: Affinity with P46 and Early Alexandrian Witnesses
Family 1739 preserves an ancient Pauline text and repeatedly confirms the early Alexandrian line represented by P46, Vaticanus, and Sinaiticus.
Matthew 16:2b–3a and the Secondary Red Sky Saying in the Manuscript Tradition
Matthew 16:2b–3a is a secondary interpolation, added to clarify Jesus’ reply and influenced by Luke 12:54–56 rather than written by Matthew.
Magadan, Not Magdala: The Documentary Priority of the Harder Reading in Matthew 15:39
Matthew 15:39 preserves “Magadan,” not “Magdala,” because the earliest and strongest witnesses support the harder reading.
Matthew 15:31 and the Reading “the Mute Speaking”: A Documentary Textual Commentary
Matthew 15:31 most likely originally read “the mute speaking,” a vivid and publicly observable miracle that led the crowd to glorify the God of Israel.
Blind Guides and Scribal Harmonization in Matthew 15:14
Matthew 15:14 most likely read “they are blind guides,” with “of the blind” added later to harmonize the first clause with the second.
Decoding the Secrets of the Codex Claromontanus
Codex Claromontanus reveals how Paul’s letters were copied, expanded, translated, and restored through careful textual criticism.

