Updated American Standard Version
Giving Bible readers what God said not what translators think God meant
Despite early scribal errors, the New Testament has not been lost but faithfully restored through rigorous textual criticism and abundant manuscript evidence.
A detailed study of how the New Testament text was copied and transmitted, examining early manuscripts, local texts, and types of scribal variants.
The Masoretic Text remains the gold standard for Hebrew Scripture, but careful textual discernment allows for conservative eclectic revisions when warranted.
Papyrus 133 preserves 1 Timothy 3:13–4:8 from 200–250 C.E., showing Alexandrian textual features and rare scribal habits.
Papyrus 132, a third-century fragment, showcases significant textual variations in Ephesians, highlighting early manuscript diversity and transmission nuances.
Papyrus 131, a third-century fragment, preserves key theological content from Romans 9:18–10:3, affirming its early textual stability.
Papyrus 130, dated 250–300 C.E., presents significant early textual evidence from Hebrews, highlighting Christ’s superior priesthood and atonement.
Papyrus 129, dated 225–275 C.E., offers significant early evidence of 1 Corinthians, highlighting key theological themes and doctrinal teachings.
Papyrus 128 is a 6th or 7th-century Greek fragment of the Gospel of John, preserving significant theological passages despite its fragmentary state.
Explore transmissional errors in New Testament manuscripts, from unintentional mistakes to intentional changes, and how textual criticism restores the original text.
