The Hyksos tradition reflects Egypt’s distorted memory of the Israelite sojourn, shaped by priestly propaganda rather than historical reality.
Shepherd Kings or God’s People? The Hyksos and the Bible
The Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos Domination
The Second Intermediate Period’s Delta politics and foreign domination illuminate why a later regime feared Semitic populations and imposed oppression described in Exodus 1.
The Role of the Hyksos in Egyptian History
Hyksos rule reshaped Egypt’s Delta and warfare, but Joseph’s rise and Israel’s Exodus stand on Scripture’s dates, not Manetho’s late priestly polemic.
