The Septuagint is a vital ancient witness that often clarifies the Hebrew text, but it must be weighed carefully under the Masoretic base.
Ancient Witnesses: The Value of the Septuagint in Old Testament Studies
Retroversion of Hebrew into Aramaic Targum: Textual Considerations
The Targums, though paraphrastic and interpretive, provide vital evidence for reconstructing the Hebrew text through disciplined retroversion and linguistic analysis.
