Updated American Standard Version
Giving Bible readers what God said not what translators think God meant
Christian codices like Vaticanus and Sinaiticus copied a pre-Christian Jewish Greek Old Testament; they did not create a new Christian translation from Hebrew.
The Lucianic recension of the Septuagint refined an existing Greek text, aligning it with Hebrew tradition and shaping Byzantine textual transmission.
Origen’s Hexapla was a six-column comparison of Hebrew and Greek texts, shaping the Septuagint and pioneering textual criticism in the third century.
Theodotion’s second-century Greek Old Testament revision balanced fidelity and readability, shaping both Jewish and Christian scriptural traditions.
Symmachus, a Samaritan convert to Judaism, produced a refined Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures at the end of the first century C.E.
The Septuagint is the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures—pre-Christian, Jewish, and indispensable for exegesis, preaching, and textual confidence.
Discover how the Septuagint influences our understanding of biblical texts. Explore its historical impact.
Why the Masoretic Text is the primary Hebrew witness and how the Septuagint serves as its ancient ally—sometimes clarifying details, always informing exegesis. Jehovah’s Name stands in the Hebrew text and was preserved in early Greek copies. The Masoretic vocalization and theophoric names confirm the pronunciation Jehovah.
