The Apocryphal “Gospels” Outside the New Testament

The article explores various non-canonical gospels and Apocryphal works that circulated during the early centuries of Christianity but were not included in the Bible's New Testament. Factors such as alignment with apostolic teachings and overall theological consistency influenced their exclusion. Examples include the Gospels of Truth, Philip, the Egyptians, Hebrews, and later Apocryphal writings like the "Acts of Paul" and the "Acts of Peter."

Greek New Testament Papyri Manuscript: Papyrus 33/58 (P33/58) P. Vindob. 17973, 26133, 35831

Papyrus 33 (P33) is a fourth/fifth-century manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles, containing only a portion of the text. Along with Papyrus 58, it formed part of a codex that contained a version of the Greek New Testament in the Alexandrian text-type. This chapter explores the significance of Papyrus 33 for the study of early Christianity and the textual history of the New Testament, and provides insight into its physical characteristics and current location at the Austrian National Library in Vienna.

The Papyrus Rylands 457 (P52), a Fragment of the Gospel of John

The Rylands Library Papyrus P52, also known as the St John's fragment, is one of the earliest surviving manuscripts of the New Testament. This chapter examines its historical context, physical description, content analysis, significance, challenges, controversies, preservation, and future research. Discover the importance of studying ancient texts like Papyrus Rylands Greek 457 for the understanding of early Christianity and the history of the Bible.

Was the Bible Doctored by the Early Church?

There is a widespread belief among both professional scholars and laymen that the Bible now used by Christians is significantly altered from the historical documents upon which it was based. This, they say, is because of the Church’s agenda to make Jesus a divine figure. What is the truth?

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