Papyrus 33 (P33) is a fourth/fifth-century manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles, containing only a portion of the text. Along with Papyrus 58, it formed part of a codex that contained a version of the Greek New Testament in the Alexandrian text-type. This chapter explores the significance of Papyrus 33 for the study of early Christianity and the textual history of the New Testament, and provides insight into its physical characteristics and current location at the Austrian National Library in Vienna.
The Papyrus Rylands 457 (P52), a Fragment of the Gospel of John
The Rylands Library Papyrus P52, also known as the St John's fragment, is one of the earliest surviving manuscripts of the New Testament. This chapter examines its historical context, physical description, content analysis, significance, challenges, controversies, preservation, and future research. Discover the importance of studying ancient texts like Papyrus Rylands Greek 457 for the understanding of early Christianity and the history of the Bible.
Was the Bible Doctored by the Early Church?
There is a widespread belief among both professional scholars and laymen that the Bible now used by Christians is significantly altered from the historical documents upon which it was based. This, they say, is because of the Church’s agenda to make Jesus a divine figure. What is the truth?
NT TEXTUAL STUDIES: Lucian of Antioch (c. 240-312 C.E.): The Teacher of Arius?
Lucian of Antioch (c. 240 – January 7, 312), known as Lucian the Martyr, was a Christian presbyter, theologian, and martyr. He was noted for both his scholarship and ascetic piety. Was Lucian of Antioch the Path to the corrupt Byzantine Text, which led to the even more corrupt Textus Receptus, which lies as the foundation to the King James Version NT?
EARLY CHRISTIANITY: Justin Martyr (c. 100-110 – c. 165 AD) – Early Christian Apologist and Philosopher
Justin Martyr was an early Christian apologist and philosopher. Most of his works are lost, but two apologies and a dialogue did survive.
EARLY CHRISTIANITY: Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35-50 – c. 98-117 AD) – Early Christian Writings
Ignatius of Antioch [c.35-50 – c. 98-117 AD] also known as Ignatius Theophorus was an early Christian writer and bishop of Antioch. While en route to Rome, where he met his martyrdom, Ignatius wrote a series of letters.
EARLY CHRISTIANITY: Papias of Hierapolis (c. 60-135 AD) – Enjoyed the Lord’s Sayings
Papias was a Greek Apostolic Father, Bishop of Hierapolis, and author who lived c. 60 – c. 135 AD. He wrote the Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord in five books.
EARLY CHRISTIANITY: Polycarp of Smyrna – Martyred for His Faith
Polycarp was a Christian bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body.
First Epistle of Clement: The Letter of the Romans to the Corinthians
The epistle was written in the name of the Roman Church to the Christian brotherhood at Corinth. The author was Clement, the Bishop of the Roman Christians, but he does not write in his own name.
How Did the Spread of Early Christianity and the Persecution of the Early Church Impact the Text of the New Testament?
Within just a few short decades after the death of the apostle John, divisions were already evident among the early Christians. About 187 AD Irenaeus listed twenty varieties of Christianity; about 384 AD Epiphanius counted eighty.