Codex Sinaiticus (א), a fourth-century manuscript, is a crucial witness to the Old Testament text, preserving large sections of the Septuagint.
Codex Sinaiticus (א): A Foundational Witness to the Old Testament Text
Codex Vaticanus (B): The Premier Greek Witness to the Septuagint and the Greek New Testament
Vaticanus (B) preserves an early, conservative Septuagint and anchors Old Testament textual criticism alongside the Masoretic Text with exceptional reliability.
Lucian of Antioch and the Lucianic Revision of the Greek Old Testament
The Lucianic recension of the Septuagint refined an existing Greek text, aligning it with Hebrew tradition and shaping Byzantine textual transmission.
Origen’s Hexapla: Its Nature, Purpose, and Significance in Old Testament Textual History
Origen’s Hexapla was a six-column comparison of Hebrew and Greek texts, shaping the Septuagint and pioneering textual criticism in the third century.
Theodotion (θ): His Role in Old Testament Textual Transmission
Theodotion’s second-century Greek Old Testament revision balanced fidelity and readability, shaping both Jewish and Christian scriptural traditions.
Symmachus (σ): His Role in Old Testament Textual Transmission and Translation
Symmachus, a Samaritan convert to Judaism, produced a refined Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures at the end of the first century C.E.
Aquila (Siglum α): The Literalist Greek Translator of the Old Testament
Aquila’s literal Greek Old Testament (ca. 150 C.E.) reflects Jewish fidelity to Hebrew, aiding exegesis and preserving variants for textual critics.
The Kaige Revision and Its Role in Old Testament Textual History
The Kaige revision was a Jewish reworking of the Septuagint, aligning it with the Hebrew text and preserving the Divine Name in Paleo-Hebrew.
Ancient Translations of the Old Testament Beyond Greek: Aramaic Targums, Syriac Peshitta, Vulgate, and Other Versions
Ancient versions beyond Greek—Targums, Peshitta, Vulgate—tested against the Masoretic Text to confirm and clarify the original Hebrew wording with rigor.
Ancient Greek Translations of the Old Testament: History, Origin, Character, and Scholarly Usefulness
Greek translations of the Old Testament—LXX, Jewish revisions, Hexapla, and major codices—serve the Hebrew text and aid the restoration of the original words.
