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EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. He has authored over 180+ books. In addition, Andrews is the Chief Translator of the Updated American Standard Version (UASV).
Major Critical Texts of the New Testament
Byz RP: 2005 Byzantine Greek New Testament, Robinson & Pierpont TR1550: 1550 Stephanus New Testament Maj: The Majority Text (thousands of minuscules which display a similar text) Gries: 1774-1775 Johann Jakob Griesbach Greek New Testament Treg: 1857-1879 Samuel Prideaux Tregelles Greek New Testament Tisch: 1872 Tischendorf’s Greek New Testament WH: 1881 Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament NA28: 2012 Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament UBS5: 2014 Greek New Testament NU: Both Nestle-Aland and the United Bible Society SBLGNT: 2010 Greek New Testament () THGNT: 2017 The Greek New Testament by Tyndale House GENTI: 2020 Greek-English New Testament Interlinear
GALATIANS 2:52020 Greek-English New Testament Interlinear (GENTI)
Galatians 2:5 Updated American Standard Version (UASV)
5 to whom not even for an hour did we yield in subjection, so that the truth of the gospel would remain with you.
Galatians 2:5 New American Standard Bible 1995
5 But we did not yield in subjection to them for even an hour, so that the truth of the gospel would remain with you.
Galatians 2:5 English Standard Version
5 to them we did not yield in submission even for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you.
Galatians 2:5 Lexham English Bible
5 to whom not even for an hour did we yield in subjection, in order that the truth of the gospel might remain continually with you.
Philip W. Comfort writes,
The first variant is Marcion’s attempt to show that Paul never subjected himself to anyone—not to the other apostles nor to the false brothers, whom Marcion might have thought were one and the same (Longenecker 1990, 52). The second variant (noted in NEB REB NJB) probably arose as an error and then was perpetuated because it coincided with the view that Paul was willing to accommodate others for the sake of the gospel (see 1 Cor 9:20–23)—in this case, allowing Titus to be circumcised. But this runs contrary to Paul’s entire argument—that he would not yield to the demands of the legalists and have Titus circumcised, so that he might defend the gospel of liberty.
Bruce M Metzger writes,
2:5 οἷς οὐδὲ (to whom not) {A}
The words οἷς οὐδὲ are present in all known Greek manuscripts except Codex Bezae (D). Their presence, however, results in a broken or irregular grammatical construction in which the sentence begun in v. 4 does not have a grammatically proper conclusion in v. 5. NRSV reflects this broken construction: “4 But because of false believers secretly brought in, who slipped in to spy on the freedom we have in Christ Jesus, so that they might enslave us—5 we did not submit to them even for a moment …”
The omission of the relative pronoun οἷς (to whom) in several witnesses was probably deliberate, in order to correct the broken syntax. The omission of the negative οὐδὲ, sometimes with the omission also of οἷς, is found mostly in Western witnesses. With the omission of the negative, Paul says “we did submit to them.” Perhaps copyists omitted the negative to make Paul’s words here agree with his claim in 1 Cor 9:20–23 that “to those under the law I became as one under the law” and with the statement in Acts 16:3 that Paul had Timothy circumcised. However, the omission goes against the external evidence and also against Paul’s argument here in Galatians.
TERMS AS TO HOW WE SHOULD OBJECTIVELY VIEW THE DEGREE OF CERTAINTY FOR THE READING ACCEPTED AS THE ORIGINAL
The modal verbs are might have been (30%), may have been (40%), could have been(55%), would have been (80%),must have been (95%), which are used to show that we believe the originality of a reading is certain, probable or possible.
The letter [WP] stands for Weak Possibility (30%), which indicates that this is a low-level proof that the reading might have been original in that it is enough evidence to accept that the variant might have been possible, but it is improbable. We can say the reading might have been original, as there is some evidence that is derived from manuscripts that carry very little weight, early versions, or patristic quotations.
The letter [P] stands for Plausible (40%), which indicates that this is a low-level proof that the reading may have been original in that it is enough to accept a variant to be original and we have enough evidence for our belief. The reading may have been original but it is not probably so.
The letter [PE] stands for Preponderance of Evidence (55%), which indicates that this is a higher-level proof that the reading could have been original in that it is enough to accept as such unless another reading emerges as more probable.
The letter [CE] stands for Convincing Evidence (80%), which indicates that the evidence is an even higher-level proof that the reading surely was the original in that the evidence is enough to accept it as substantially certainunless proven otherwise.
The letter [BRD] stands for Beyond Reasonable Doubt (95%), which indicates that this is the highest level of proof: the reading must have been original in that there is no reason to doubt it. It must be understood that feeling as though we have no reason to doubt is not the same as one hundred percent absolute certainty.
NOTE: This system is borrowed from the criminal just legal terms of the United States of America, the level of certainty involved in the use of modal verbs, and Bruce Metzger in his A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: United Bible Societies, 1994), who borrowed his system from Johann Albrecht Bengel in his edition of the Greek New Testament (Tübingen, 1734). In addition, the percentages are in no way attempting to be explicit, but rather, they are nothing more than a tool to give the non-textual scholar a sense of the degree of certainty. However, this does not mean the percentages are not reflective of certainty.
Biblical Studies Press, The NET Bible First Edition Notes (Biblical Studies Press, 2006)
Bruce Manning Metzger, United Bible Societies, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Second Edition a Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament (4th Rev. Ed.) (London; New York: United Bible Societies, 1994),
Eberhard Nestle and Erwin Nestle, Nestle-Aland: NTG Apparatus Criticus, ed. Barbara Aland et al., 28. revidierte Auflage. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012).
Dirk Jongkind, ed., The Greek New Testament: Apparatus (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2017).
Eberhard Nestle and Erwin Nestle, Nestle-Aland: Novum Testamentum Graece, ed. Barbara Aland et al., 28. revidierte Auflage. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012)
The modal verbs are might have been (30%), may have been (40%), could have been (55%), would have been (80%), must have been (95%), which are used to show that we believe the originality of a reading is certain, probable or possible.
The letter [CE] stands for Convincing Evidence (80%), which indicates that the evidence is an even higher-level proof that the reading surely was the original in that the evidence is enough to accept it as substantially certain unless proven otherwise.
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