Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a fifth-century palimpsest, preserves a largely Alexandrian New Testament text whose recovery has strengthened confidence in the original wording.
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus as a Palimpsest Witness
Codex Washingtonianus and Its Mixed Text of the Gospels
Codex Washingtonianus preserves a mixed Gospel text, combining Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine elements, and through its unique readings helps clarify the original wording of the Gospels.
Codex Claromontanus and the Pauline Epistles
Codex Claromontanus preserves a Western, bilingual text of the Pauline Epistles that reveals early expansions and interpretations yet confirms the stability of Paul’s letters.
Codex Bezae and the Western Text of Act
Codex Bezae preserves a long, paraphrastic Western text of Acts that reveals early expansions and interpretations, yet, when compared with Alexandrian witnesses, confirms the reliability of Luke’s original narrative.
Codex Vaticanus and Its Role in Preserving the Alexandrian Tradition
Codex Vaticanus offers an early, disciplined Alexandrian text of most of the New Testament, anchoring modern critical editions and confirming the stability of the original wording.
Papyrus 72 and the General Epistles of Peter and Jude
Papyrus 72 offers an early, Alexandrian-leaning text of 1 and 2 Peter and Jude, revealing a devout but fallible scribe and strongly supporting the letters’ stability.
Papyrus 47 and the Book of Revelation
Papyrus 47 gives an early, Alexandrian-type text of Revelation 9–17, revealing ordinary scribal slips yet strongly confirming the stability and reliability of the book.
Codex Alexandrinus and the General Epistles
Codex Alexandrinus preserves a high-quality Alexandrian text of the General Epistles, powerfully confirming the stability of James, Peter, John, and Jude.
