Updated American Standard Version
Giving Bible readers what God said not what translators think God meant
Meet the core sources of NT textual criticism: early papyri, the great uncials, and key minuscules, and see how external evidence restores the original text.
Early papyri, major codices, ancient versions, and patristic quotes together secure a reliable, reconstructable New Testament text grounded in documentary evidence.
Documentary-first textual criticism: how to read the apparatus, weigh early papyri like 𝔓75 with B, and resolve key New Testament variants with confidence.
Textual criticism restores the New Testament’s original words by weighing early manuscripts, prioritizing documentary evidence, and correcting later additions.
Linguistics provides the foundation for Old Testament textual criticism, guiding restoration of the inspired Hebrew text through precise analysis.
Paleography reveals how New Testament manuscripts were written, copied, and preserved, offering insights into materials, book forms, and scribal practices.
Codex Cavensis is a 9th-century Spanish Vulgate manuscript that showcases early biblical transmission, scriptural fidelity, and regional textual characteristics.
The Constance Old Latin fragments (Ms 175) provide crucial insights into early Latin prophetic texts and their historical significance.
P101 is an early papyrus fragment of Matthew, affirming the stability and fidelity of the New Testament text in the third century.
Papyrus 95 is a significant third-century Greek manuscript of the Gospel of John, providing insights into early Christian textual traditions and scribal practices.
