The earliest recoverable text of Mark ends at 16:8; the longer endings reflect later scribal and ecclesiastical efforts to supply closure.
Rethinking the Long Ending of Mark: A Textual Criticism Perspective
Codex Washingtonianus and Its Mixed Text of the Gospels
Codex Washingtonianus preserves a mixed Gospel text, combining Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine elements, and through its unique readings helps clarify the original wording of the Gospels.
