The Comma Johanneum lacks early Greek support and entered the tradition through Latin glossing, while 1 John’s original witnesses remain Spirit, water, and blood.
The Manuscript Evidence for the Comma Johanneum: A Reevaluation (1 John 5:7-8)
The Practice of New Testament Textual Criticism
Textual criticism restores the original New Testament wording by weighing early documentary evidence, explaining scribal variants, and distinguishing later additions from the inspired text.
A Detailed Examination of the Johannine Comma in 1 John 5:7-8
The Johannine Comma at 1 John 5:7-8 is a late Latin gloss that entered the Greek tradition only through back-translation and print.
Can the New Testament Documents Be Trusted?
The New Testament text is anchored by early papyri and major codices, yielding a stable, public, and verifiable text closely matching the first-century autographs.
The Transmission of the Text of the New Testament: History of the Handwritten Text and Types of Variants
Early papyri and Codex Vaticanus reveal a stable, early New Testament text. This article explains its transmission and the nature of textual variants.
