The Bohairic Coptic New Testament preserves an Alexandrian-based text in Egypt’s northern churches, confirming the long-term stability of Alexandrian readings.
The Bohairic Coptic Version and Alexandrian Agreement
The Armenian Versions and Their Textual Character
The Armenian New Testament, translated from Greek, offers a predominantly Byzantine yet internally complex witness that sometimes preserves early non-Byzantine readings.
The Ethiopic Tradition and Its Greek Base
The Ethiopic New Testament, translated from a mixed but often pre-Byzantine Greek base, offers a distinctive African witness that occasionally supports Alexandrian-type readings.
The Sahidic Coptic Version and Alexandrian Readings
The Sahidic Coptic New Testament stands as a major Alexandrian witness, confirming early Greek readings and strengthening confidence in the recoverability of the original text.
The Syriac Peshitta and Its Textual Tradition
The Syriac Peshitta offers a conservative, Byzantine-leaning yet independent witness that reflects the early consolidation of the New Testament text in the Syriac-speaking East.
The Gothic Translations and Early Missionary Texts
The Gothic New Testament, a fourth-century missionary translation, preserves a literal and pre-Byzantine Greek text that often supports Alexandrian-type readings.
The Latin Vulgate as a Textual Witness
The Latin Vulgate, forged as a Greek-based revision of Old Latin texts, supports Alexandrian readings and stands as a major secondary witness to the New Testament text.
The Georgian Versions as Independent Witnesses
The Georgian New Testament, shaped by Greek and Armenian influence yet textually independent, preserves early non-Byzantine readings that support a pre-Byzantine text.
The Old Latin Witnesses to the Gospels
The Old Latin Gospels reveal a diverse Western text in the Latin West, illuminating expansions and paraphrases while confirming the superiority of the Alexandrian tradition.
The Earliest Translated Versions of the Greek Text
Syriac, Latin, Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, Georgian, Ethiopic, Arabic, Sogdian, Slavonic, and Nubian versions together form a powerful, indirect witness to the Greek New Testament.
